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[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

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[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Interstellar Law and Treaties: The Earth-Romulan War Treaty of Peace (2160)


Preamble

the undersigned, the Secretary-General of the General Assembly of the United Nations of Earth and the Praetoe of the Continuing Committee of the Romulan Star Empire, in the interest of ending conflict, with its great toll of bloodshed on both sides, and with the objective of establishing conditions that will encourage peaceful relations between the Human and Romulan peoples, do individually, collectively, and mutually agree to accept and to be bound andgoverned by the conditions and terms of armistice set forth in the following Articles and Paragraphs, which said conditions and terms are intended to fully conclude the hostilities the United Nations of Earth and the Romulan Star Empire.

Article I: Military Demarcation and the Neutral Zone.

A Neutral Zone shall be established as a buffer zone to prevent the occurence of incidents which might lead to a resumption of hostilities. This Neutral Zone shall be defined by two boundaries one(1) light-year apart along the galactic longitudinal plane, and further defined as indicated on the attached map, along with precise accompanying coordinates. This Neutral Zone shall be plainly marked by the militaries of the opposing sides.

Neither side shall execute any hostile act within , from against, or across the Neutral Zone. No vessels identifiable with the governments of the opposing sides, whether military or civilian, may cross the demarcation lines which define the Neutral Zone, nor may any unmanned probes, whether military or civilian, be deployed in the Zone.

Any breach of the Neutral Zone may be considered a hostile action and a breachof this Treaty. In such event, an immediate state of war shall be declered to exist except where such intrusion can be undeniably proven to be the accidental result of conditions beyond the control of the vessel in question and did, in fact occur without hositle intent.

Article II: Concrete Arrangements for the Armistice.

The Military Commanders of opposing sides shall order and enforce a complete cessation of all hostilities by all armed forces under their control including all units and personnel of anysurface, orbital , and interstellar forces, effective twelve(12) hours after this Treaty is signed.

In order to insure the stablity of the military armistice, the Commanders of the opposing sides side shall:
a. Within seventy-two (72) hours after this Treaty becomes effective
begin the withdrawal of all military forces, supplies, and equipment
from the Neutral Zone. All active minefields, automated monitioring
station, and other outpost known to exit within the Neutral Zone
after the beginning of the Commander of the side whose forces
emplaced such installations. Eventually, within thirty(30) days after
termination of the seventy-two(72) hour period, all such
installation she be permanently removed from the Neutral Zone
as directed by and under the supervision of appropriate
Commander. At the termination of the seventy-two(72) hour
period, except for unarmed vessels which are to effect the removal
of the ststions and outposts remaining within the Neutral Zone, no
vessels of either side shall be permitted to enter the Neutral Zone.
b. Within ninety(90) days after this Treaty becomes effective,
withdraw all of their military and civilian vessels, supples, and
equipment from the Neutral Zone and any region of space to be
occupied by the opposing side. If such military and civilian vessels,
are not withdrawn within the stated time limit, and there is no
mutually agreed and valid reason for the delay, the other side shall
have the right to take any action which it deems necessary for the
maintenance of security and order.
c. Cease the introduction into the adjacent sectors of reforcing
combat spacecraft, armored transports, weapons, and ammunition
provied, however the combat spacecraft, armored transports,
weapons, and ammunition which are destoryed, damaged, worm
out, or used up durning the period of the armistice may be replace
on the basis of piece-for-piece of the same effectives and same
type.
d. Insure that personnel of their respective commands who violate
any of the provision of this Treaty are adequately punished.

This Treaty shall apply to all opposing surface, ordital, and interstellar forces under the military control of either side, which shall respect the Neutral Zone and the area under military control of the opposing side.

Responsibility for comliance with and enforcement of the terms and provisions of this Treaty is that the signatories hereto and their successor. The leaders of the opposing sides shall establish within respective governments all measures and procedures necessary to insure complete compliance nwith all the provisions hereto.

Article III: Miscellanous

Armendments and additions to this Treatymust be mutually agreed to by the leades of both sides.

The articles and Paragraphs of this Treaty shall remain in effect until expressly supersed either by mutually acceptable amendments and additions or by provisions in another appropriate agreement.

All of the provisions of this Treaty shall become effective at 2200 hours on 1 Novenber 2160


Written by Dan Carison

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Resolution 74 (2162)
Adopted by the Federation Council at its 52nd meeting, on 29 January 2162

Federation Council

Recalling it earlier resolution 18 (2161) of 9 November 2161 and 32 (2161) of 27 December 2161 regarding the preservation of peace and prosperity for all social systems,

Recalling in particlular the high cost of the recent war between the Untied Nations of Earth and the Romulan Star Empire.

Bearing in mind its commitment to purposes of the Articies of Federation as set out in Article 1, and to the principles of the Articles as set out in Articile 2, including its commitiment to territorial of the political independence, sovereign equality, and territorial integrity of all states, and to respect for the soverignty of all states,

Underlining the need for all parties concerned to comply with the rules and principles of interstellar law.

1. Declares accordingly that the Inited Federation of Planets hereby assumes the rigths and obligations of the Tready of Peace between the United Nations of Planet Earth and the Romunlan Star EMpire, including:
a. detering renewed hostilities , maintaining and where necessary
enforcing the measures imposed by Article 1 of the Tready of Peace.
b. to provide security and maintain law and order throughout the Qualor
Sector,
c. conducting border monitoring duties as required;

2. Reaffirms the existence of the Neutral Zone as established by Article 1 of the Treaty of Peace, and futher reaffirms the Council's commitiment to maintain the intergrity of the Zine from all intrusions;

3. Reiterates it support for the soverignty and territorial integrity of the Romulan Star Emprie within it recognized boundaries.

4. Decides to establish, in accordance with rule 28 of the Council's provisional rules of procedure, a Committee of the Federation Council consisting of all the members of the Council to undertake the following tasks and to report on it work to the Council along with it observation and recommendations;
a. to seek from all members further information regrading the action
taken by them with a view to implementing effectively the measures
imposed by Articile 1 of the Treaty of Peace, and thereafter to request
from them whatever further information it may consider necessary;
b. to consider information brought to its attention concerning violation
of the measures imposed by Article 1 of the Tready of Peace, and to
recommend appropriate measure in response thereto;
c. to make periodic reports to the Federation Council regarding alleged
violtions of the measures imposed by Article 1 of the Tready of Peace
identifying where possible persons, vessels, or entities report to be
engaged in such violations;

5 Reaffirms it relevant resolution on the Romulan Star Empire, and in particular resolution 18(2161) of 8 November 2161;

6. Reaffirms the importance of holding, at the appropriate time, an interstellar conference on peace, security, and stability in the Qualor Sector between the governments of the Intied Federation of Planets and the Romulan Star Empire, with the participation of all the government of the region and all other concerned;l

7. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Interstellar Law and Treaties: The Organian Peace Treaty (2267)

Section 1
This Treaty of Peace is imposed, effecive stardate 3199.5, upon the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets. All hpstilities, both spaceborne and planet bound, between both parties and their respective allies shall cease immediated. All belligerent armed forces are, and shall remain, disabled pending the assent of all parties to this condition.

Section 2
Between the adjacent territorial boundaries of the Klingon Empire and the United Federation of Planets, there is estabished a neutral zone, seven point five parcecs in width in the horizontal galactic plane and to the galactic boundaries in the vertical galactic plane.

Secton 3
All personnel and facilties of any kind whatever identifiable with either party shall be romoved from the Neutral Zone no later than 500 days from the date of this armistance. No such personnelm or facilities shall be re-introduced to the Neutral Zone. Any military init intruding upon the Neutral Zone hereafter shall be immediately disabled.


Section 4
There shall come a time when the United Federation of Planet and the Klingon Empire shall be allies and friends, working together to advance the cause of peace and harmory. Until that time, neither party shall deny the other peraceful access to its bases or facilities within the Neutral Zone.

Section 5
We are aware that there are within the Neutral Zone, many civilizationh which could benefit from contact with advanced cultures of United Federation of Planets and the Klingon Empire. Therefore, Organia will permit such peaceful contact and cultural exchange. In each case, Organia shall mediate and award rights to that party which in our sole judgement shall be best able to aid said cultures.
Imposed without Negotiation by Organia on Stardate 3199.5

(Written by Franz Joseph(Published in the Star Fleet Technical Manual)

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Interstellar Law and Treaties: Documents of Surrender, Cardassian Union

Act of Military Surrender

1. We the undersigned , acting as representatives of the Cardassian Provisional Government and the Cardassian Central Command, hereby surrender unconditionally to the Allies Supreme Commanders (or their representatives) of Starfleet Command, the Klingon Defense Forces, and Romulan Guard, all forces on in spaceor on planetary surfaces which are on this date under Cardassian control.
2. The Cardassian Central Command, will at once issue orders to all Cardassian unit under their control to cease active operation on Stardate 52916, to remain in all position occupied at that time and to disarm completely, handing over their weapons and equipment to the local Allied commanders or offices designated by representatives of the Allied Command. No warship is to machines of all kinds, armament, apparatus, and all the technical means of prosecution of war in general.
3. The Cardassian Central Command will at once issue to the appropriate commanders, and ensure the carrying out of any futher orders issued by the Supreme Commanders; Starfleet Command, Klingon Defense Forces, and the romulan Guard.
4. In the event of the Cardassian Central Commander or any of the forces inder it's control failing to act in accordance with Act of surrender, the Allied Commanders will take such action as they deemappropriate.

This Act is written in English, Klingon, Romulan, and Cardassian. The English, Klingon, and Romulan versions are the authentic texts.

Signed aboard the Federation starship USS Bellerophon in orbit of Cardassia prima, Stardate 52915.8

* Legate Proka, Cardassian Provisional Government
* Gul Ranor, Cardassian Fifth Order
* Gul Most, Cardassian Eleventh Order

In the presence of :

* Vice Admiral William Ross, reprensenting Starfleet Command
* Chancellor Martok, Supreme Commander of the Klingon Defense Forces
* High Centurion Lar, representing the Romulan Guard

Section I: the Occupation of the Cardassian Union

1. The Cardassian Union within her frontiers as they were on Stardate 50536.8, will the purpose of occupation, be divided into three zone, one to be allotted to each power as follow(see related map):
i A zone containing the followingstar systems and the surrounding regions, to be allotted to the United Federation of Planets: Aschelan V, Atbar Prime, Chin'toka III, Koar, Omarak, Simperia;
ii A zone containing the following star systems and surrounding region, to be alloted to the Klingon Emprime: Avenal VII, Regulak IV, Sarpedion V, Seeba II, Septimus III, Trelka V;
iiiA zone containing the following star systes and the surrounding regions to allotted to Romulan Star Empire: Adarak Prime, Gilora, Kelvas Prime, Quinor VII, Rondac III, Soukara.

2. The occupying forces in each zone will be under a commander in chief designated by the responsible power. Each of the three powers may, at its discretion, include among the forces assigned to occupation duties under the command of its commander in chief, auxiliary contingents from the forces of any other Allied power which has actively participated in military operation against Cardassia.

3. The Cardassian System, including Cardassia Prime, will be occupied by forces of each of the three powers. An inter-Allied governing authority consisting of three commandants, appointed by their respective commanders-in-chief, will be established to direct jointly its administration.

Section II: Control of Equipment and Technology in the Cardassian Union

1. In the period when Cardassia is carrying out the basic requirements of its unconditional surrender, supreme authority will be exercised, on instructions from their Governments, by the Federation, Klingon, and Romulan commanders-in-chief, each in his own zone of occupation, and also jointly, in matters affecting Cardassia as a whole. The three commanders-in-chief will together constitute the Control Council. Each commander-in-chief will be assisted by a political adviser.
2. The Control Council, whose decisions shall be unanimous, will ensure appropriate uniformity of action by the commanders-in-chief in their respective zone of occupation and will reach agreed decisions on the chief questions affecting Cardassia as a whole.
3. Under the Control Council, there will be a permanent coordinating committee composed of one representative of each of the three commanders-in-chief and a control staff organized in the following division (which are subject to adjustment in the light of experience): Military; orbital; transport; political; econmic; finance; reparation, deliveries and restitution; internal affairs and communications; legal;prisoners of war and displaced persons; reconstruction and recovery. There will be three heads of each division, one designated by each power. The staffs of divisions may include civilain as well as military personnel, and may also in special cases include nationls of other governments appointed in a personal capacity
4. the functions of the coordinating committee and of the contro staff will be to advise the Control Council, to carry out the council's decisions and to transmit them to appropriate Cardassian organs, and to supervise and control the day-to-day activities of the latter.
5. The administration of the cardassian System will be directed by an intr-Allied governing authority, which will operate under the general direction of the Control Council, and will consist of three commandeants, each of whom will serve in rotation as chief commandant. They will be assisted by a technical staff which will supervise and control the activities of the local Cardassian organs.
6. The arrangement outlined above will operate durning the period of occupation following Cardassian surrender, when Cardassia is carrying out the basic requirements of unconditional surrender. Arrangement for the subsequent period will be the subject of a separate agreement.

Section III: Assumption of Supreme Authority in the Cardassian Union

The Cardassian armed forces have been completely defeated and have surrendered unconditionally, and Cardassia, which bears partial responsibility for the war, is no longer capable of resisting the will of the victorious powers. The unconditional surrender of Cardassia has thereby been effected, and Cardassia has become subject to such requirements as may now or hereafter be imposed upon her.
There is no central government or authority in Cardassia capable of accepting responsibility for the maintenance of order, the administration of the country and compliance with the requirements of the victorious powers.
It is in these circumstances necessary, without prejudice to any subsequent decisions that may be taken respecting Cardassia, to make provision for the cessation of any futher hostilities on the Cardassian armed forces, for the maintenance of order in Cardassia and for the administration of the country, and to announce the immedicate requirements with which Cardassia must comply.
The Allied forces recognize the extreme suffering of the Cardassian people in the final hours of the war, and pledge to assist the reconstruction of Cardassia's industrial base in order to provide for basic needs of it people.
The representatives of the supreme commands of the United Federation of Planets, the Klingon Empire, and the Romulan Star Empire, herein after called the "Allied representatives," acting by authority of their respective Governments, accordingly make the following declaration:
The Government of the United Federation of Planets, the Klingon Empire, and the Romunlan Star Empire hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Cardassia, including all the power possessed by the Cardassian Government, the High Command and any state, municipal or local government or authority. The assumption, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and power does not effect the annexation of Cardassia.
The Government of the United Federation of Planers, the Klingon Empire, and the Romulan Star Empire will hereafter determine the boundaries of the Cardassian Union or any part thereof and the status of Cardassia or of any area at present being part of Cardassian territory.
In virtue of the supreme authority and powers thus assumed by the three Governments, the Allied representatives announce the following requirements, arising from the complete defeat and unconditional surrender of Cardassia with which Cardassia must comply.
The Cardassian authorities will release to the Allied representatives, in accordance with the procedure to be laid down by them, all prisoners of war at present in their power, belonging to the forces of the United Nations and will furish full lists of these persons, indicating the places of their detention in Cardassia or territory occupied by Cardassia. Pending the release of such prisoners of war, the Cardassian authorities and people will protect them in their persons and property and provide them with adequate food, clothing, shelter, medical attention, and money in accordance with their rank or official position.
1) the principal Cardassian leaders as specified by the Allied representatives, and all persons from time to time named or designateds by rank, office or employment by the Allied representatives as being suspected of having committed, ordered or abetted war crimes or analogous offenses, will be apprehended and surrendered to allied representatives.
2) The same will apply in the case of any national of any of the Allied power who is alleged to have committed any offense against his national law, and who may at any time be named or designated by ranks, office or employment by the Allied representatives.
3) the Cardassian authorities and people will comply with any instructions given by the Allied represenlatives for the apprehension and surrender of such persons.

The Allied representatives will station forces and civil agencies in any or all parts of Cardassia as they may determine.

These Documents of Surrender are jointly approved by the Supreme Commanders of Allied forces or their designated representatives:

* Vice Admiral William Ross, representing Starfleet Command

* Chancellor Martok, Supreme Commander of the Klingon Defense Forces

* High Centurion Lar, representing the Romulan Guard.

Drafted aboard the Federation starship USS Bellerophan in orbit of Cardassia Prime, Stardate 52915.3

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Diplomatic Immunity


Background

Diplomatic immunity is a principle of Federation law by which certain foreign government officials are not subject to jurisdiction of Federation law. The concept of immunity began with ancient tribes. Inorder to exchane information, messengers, were allowed to travel from tribe to tribe without fear of harm. They were protected even when they brought bad news. Today, immunity protects the channels of diplomatic communication by exempting dipomats from local jurisdiction so that they can perform their duties with freedoms, independence, and security. Diplomatic immunity is not meant to benefit individuals personally; it is meant to ensure that foreign official can do their jobs. Under the concept of reciprocity, diplomat assigned to any world benefit equally from diplomatic immunity.

Legal Framework

The Babel Convention on Dipomatic Relation and Babel Convention on Consular Relations codified most modern dipomatic and consilar practices, including diplomatic immunity. More than 160 worlds, including Earth, are parties to these treaties. The conventions provide immunity to persons according to their rank in a diplomatic mission or consular post and according to the need for immunity in performing their duties. For example, dipomatic agent and member of their immediate families are immune from all criminal prosection and most civil law suits. Administrative and technical staff members of embassies have a lower level of immunity. Consular officers serving in consulates throughout the country have an even lower level of immunity. Members of an embassy's service staff and consular employees are immune only acts performed as part of their official duties.

The Federation considers the Babel conventions particularly important vecause of the large number of diplomatic and consular personnel stationed on worlds where judicial systems are very different and less protective of individual rights than our own or where unfriendly govenments might use their police authorities to hassass Federation dippmats and their familes. Failure by authorities to uphold the Babel conventions would complicate dipliomatic relations and coulld lead to harsher treatment in foreign courts of Federation personnel aboard.

Under the Babel conventions, all persons entitled to immunity have the obligation and duty to respect the laws and regulation of the host country. Immunity is not a license to commit a crime,and violations of the law are not condoned. In the Federation, any time a person with immunity is alleged to have committed a crime, the Diplomatic Corps advise his or her government of the incident and, where prosecution would be the normal procedure, requests a waiver of the alleged offender's immunity so that the case may be heard in the appropriate court. If immunity is not waived, the Diplomatic Corps may, in serious cases, order the withdrawal of the offender from the Embassy. In the case of an offense committed by a member of diplomat's family, the diplomat and his or her entire family may be expelled. Diplomatic visas of serious offenders are canceled.

The Diplomatic Corps' Office of Protocol works with the injured parties and the foreign government to secure restitution in those cases where criminal incidents have resulted in injuries to individual. In those cases where immunity prevents civil suits, the Diplomatic Corps works to settle the matter and mediates disputes in an effort to find a mutually satisfactory soltion.

The vast majority of person entited to some form of diplomatic immunity are law-abiding people. Only a few ever run afoul of the law. Unfortunately, those few do exhibit egregiuos behavior draw the attention of the public and the media and damage the reputation of entire group.

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Negotiation Tactics

Objective
To provid an effective, non-lethal response to individuals making emotional or substantive demands of captives or officers.

Command and Control
The Hostage negotiator report directly to the Incident Commander at the scene. Each Hostage negotiator will report his/her absence to the Corps Team Leader in the order that replacement arrangement can be made if necessary.

Additional Duties
Will be assigned by the Corps Team Leader.

Minimal Encouragement
The responses need not be lengthy. By giving occasional, brief, and well-timed vocal replies, negotiator demonstrate that they are following what the subject say. Even relatively simple phrases, such as "yes", "okay", or "I see" help.

Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing consists of negotiators' repeating in their own words the meaning of subject' messages back to them.

Emotion Labeling
Emotion Labeling allows the negotiator to attach a tentative label to the feeling expressed or implied by subjects words or actions.

Mirroring
by mirroring, the negotiators repeat only the last words or the main idea of the subjects messages.

Open-ending Questions
By using open-ending question, the negotiators stimulate the subject to talk. Negotiators should avoid asking "why" questions, which could imply interogation.

"I" Messages
By using "I" messages, a negotiator ostensibly sheds the negotiator role and acts as any other person might in response to the subjects action.

Effective Pauses
By deliberately using pauses, the negotiators can harness the power of the silence for effect at appropriate time.

[Vice Admiral Maxx Gunn]

Guarantees of Sentient Rights

Aproved by the Supreme Assembly and Ratified on 1 January 2170

The representative of the people of the United Federtaion of Planets, organized as the Supreme Assembly and the Federation Council, believe that the ignorance, neglect, or contempt of the right of sentients are the sole cause pf public calamities and of the corruption pf government, have determined to set forth in a solemn declaration the natural, unalienable, and sacred right of all sentient, in order that this declaration, being constantly before all the members of the United Federation of Planets, shall remind them continually pf their rights and duties; in order that the acts of legislative power, as well as those of the executive power, may be compared at any moment with the objects and purposes of all political institutions and may thus be more respected, and lastly, in order that the grieveances of the citizens, based hereafter upon simple and incotestable principles, shall tend to the maintenance of the Articles of Federation and redound to be happiness of all. Therefore the Supreme Assembly amd the Federation Council recognizes and proclaims, in the presence and under the auspices of the Supreme Being, the following rights of sentients and of the citizenry:

ARTICLES

1) Sentients are born and remain free and equal in rights. The law must in all cases repect this principle.
2) The aim of all government is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of sentients. These rights are liberty, property, security, conscience, expression, intimate association and resistance oppression.
3) The principle of all soverignty resides essentially in the nation. No body nor individual may execrise any authority which does not proceed directly from the nation.
4) Liberty consists in the freefom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each sentient has no limts except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights.
5) Law can only prohibit such action actions as are demonstrably and objectively hurtful to society. Nothing maybe prevented which is not forbidden by law, and no one may be forced to do anything not provided for law.
6) Law is the expression of the general will. Every citizen has a right to participate personally, or through his representative, in it foundation. It must be same for all. whether it protects or punishes. All citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are all equally eligble to all dinities and all public positions and occupation, according to their abilities, and without distinction except that of their equal benefits, standing privileges any group of citizens based solely upon their membership in said designated group.
7) No person shall be accused, arrested, or imprisoned except in the cases and according to the forms prescribed by law. Any one soliciting, transmitting, execting, or causingto be executed, any arbitray order, shall be punished. But any citizen summoned or arrested in virture of the law shall submit withoutdelay, as resistance constitutes an offense. Under no circumstances may any person be compelled to provide evidence or testimony against themselves.
8) the law shall provide for such punishment only as are strictly and obviously necessary, and no one shall suffer punishment except it be legally inflicted in virtue of a law passed and promulgated before the commission of the offense.
9) As all persons are held innocent united they shall have been proven guility, if arrest shall be deemed indispensable, all harshness not essental to proven securing of the prisoner's person shall be severely repressed by law.
10) No one shall be disquieted on account of his opinions, including his religious views, provided their manifestation does not infringe upon the rights of other.
11) The free communication of ideas and opinions is one of most precious of the rights of sntients. Every citizen may, accordingly speak, write, and prints with freedaom, but shall be responsible for such abuses of this freedom as shall be defined by law.
12) The security of the rights of sentients and of the citizen requires public military forces. These forces are therfore, established for the good of all and not the personal advantage pf those whon they shall entrusted.
13) All the citizen have a rigth to decide, either personally or by their representtatives, as to the necessity of the public contribution; to gant this freely; to know to what uses it is put; and to fix the proportion, the mode of assessment and of collection and the duration of the taxes.
14) Society has the right to require of every punblic agent an account of their administion.
15) Since property is an inviolable and scared right, o no one shall be deprived thereof except where public neccessity, legally determined , shall clearly demand it, and then only on condition that the owner shall have been previously and equitably indemnified.